一、脑机接口（BCI）技术基础

脑机接口（BCI）是一种直接连接大脑与外部设备的技术，通过解码神经信号实现人脑与机器的双向交互。其核心流程包括：信号采集→处理→命令生成→设备控制→反馈闭环 [1][9][17]。

l技术类型：

l侵入式：电极植入大脑皮层（如Neuralink），信号质量高但手术风险大，主要用于医疗领域 [1][3]。

l非侵入式：基于头皮脑电图（EEG），安全性高但信号易受干扰（如Emotiv EPOC），适合消费级应用 [12][1]。

l半侵入式：电极置于颅骨内，平衡安全性与信号质量 [1]。

l交互机制：

通过视觉诱发电位（SSVEP）、事件相关电位（P300）、运动想象（MI）等范式，将脑电信号转化为控制指令。例如，SSVEP范式通过LED闪烁频率触发特定脑电波，实现设备开关控制 [79][64]。

二、BCI在智能家居的研究成果

1. 核心控制范式与技术突破

lP300范式：

l2009年Holzner等首次实现虚拟智能家居控制（灯光、音响）[64]；2010年Carabalona在真实环境中验证可行性（灯光、收音机控制，残障用户精度>95%）[62][64]。

l2019年Zhao结合VR与自适应贝叶斯算法，控制精度达96.77% [49][64]。

lSSVEP范式：

l赵丽等（2014）设计无线控制系统，50米内控制台灯响应时间<5秒，准确率100% [79][64]。

lYang等（2020）通过单通道电极+眨眼检测，信息传输速率达146.67 bits/min，大幅提升便携性 [149][64]。

l混合范式：

lSu等结合MI与P300，实现虚拟环境中导航与娱乐设备控制（如切换电视频道）[118][64]。

l硬件集成创新：

lGao等（2018）将PoE（以太网供电）与BCI结合，降低系统复杂度并提升稳定性 [45][64]。

2. 应用场景拓展

l基础控制：开关灯、门窗、空调等 [64][79]。

l安防与健康监测：

lHu等（2014）利用视觉诱发电位实现门禁身份识别 [35][64]。

l跌倒检测系统（如萤石雷达）虽非直接BCI，但为BCI融合提供传感器支持 [117][128]。

l情感交互：

lAlexandra Whittington（2022）提出BCI可监测情绪状态，联动环境灯光、香薰调节心理状态 [32]。

l多模态融合：

lZhang等开发机器人系统，通过SSVEP控制抓取动作，肌电信号（EMG）辅助导航，提升残障用户生活自主性 [100][64]。

三、商业化产品与市场现状

1. 主要厂商与产品

2. 市场数据与渗透率

l全球BCI市场规模：

l2023年约23.5亿美元，预计2033年达108.9亿美元（CAGR 16.55%）[253]。

l智能家居细分市场：目前占比不足10%，但增速领先（医疗康复占主导）[318]。

l渗透率现状：

l2022年全球智能家居渗透率仅14.2%，BCI技术渗透率更低（<1%）[321][319]。

l英国、美国智能家居渗透率超40%，中国约16.6%，BCI应用集中于高端市场 [314][312]。

lNeuralink进展：

l2024年首位人类受试者实现意念操控电脑，但85%电极脱落暴露技术风险 [241][276]。

l目标用户为瘫痪患者，尚未大规模进入消费级智能家居市场 [298][231]。

四、挑战与未来趋势

1. 技术瓶颈

l信号稳定性：EEG易受肌电干扰，侵入式存在生物相容性问题 [357][359]。

l延迟与精度：现有系统单指令响应时间约5秒，需提升至毫秒级 [49][64]。

l成本与集成度：非侵入式设备单价超600美元（如萤石雷达），阻碍普及 [116][146]。

2. 伦理与安全

l隐私风险：脑电数据可能泄露思维模式，需强化加密（如差分隐私算法）[100][357]。

l责任界定：BCI误操作导致设备故障时责任归属不明 [100][359]。

3. 未来方向

l多模态融合：结合EEG、眼动追踪、语音控制，提升交互自由度 [62][149]。

lAI增强解码：深度学习优化信号分类（如递归贝叶斯算法）[62][357]。

l居家医疗整合：BCI+康养传感器构建老人全时监护网络 [128][145]。

l低成本化：嵌入式BCI芯片（如基于Raspberry Pi的方案）降低硬件门槛 [42]。

五、结论

BCI在智能家居领域已从实验室原型（如SSVEP灯光控制）走向初步商业化（Emotiv/华为康养传感器），但医疗康复仍是核心场景，消费级应用处于早期阶段。未来需突破信号处理瓶颈、降低成本，并建立伦理框架。随着神经科学、AI算法与物联网技术的协同进化，BCI有望在10年内成为智能家居的“隐形遥控器”，尤其为残障群体及老龄化社会提供颠覆性交互方式。

关键引用：

l技术原理：[1][9][17]

l研究成果：[79][149][64]

l商业化产品：[117][146][42]

l市场数据：[253][318][319]

l挑战与趋势：[357][359]

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157. 大健康行业周报 [2019-01-16]

158. 华为全屋智能AI辅助康养传感器WiFi版发布 [2024-09-30]

159. 中汽中心、清华大学与华为联合发布《汽车智能驾驶技术及 ... [2025-07-08]

160. 重阳节独居老人的“守护神器”华为全屋智能AI辅助康养传感器Wi-Fi版上市 [2024-10-10]

161. 华为全新AI康养传感器WiFi版上市 [2024-10-26]

162. 华为新机开卖：全屋智能AI辅助康养传感器Wi-Fi版 [2024-10-02]

163. 老人的救星，华为AI辅助康养传感器 [2024-06-28]

164. 华为全屋智能亮相第三届安徽健康养老服务产业博览会 [2024-09-28]

165. 华为全屋智能 AI超感传感器/AI辅助康养传感器卫生间误报问题 [2025-05-30]

166. 华为AI辅助康养传感器Wi-Fi版及套包开售，居家养老的“更优解” [2024-09-30]

167. 打造康养产业新质生产力,华为全屋智能助力“老有所养” [2024-05-13]

168. 华为全屋智能AI辅助康养传感器，刚上市就成爆款了，主要功能：守护老人儿童健康安全，监测睡眠，起夜自动开关灯#华为全屋智能#张家口华为全屋智能#AI辅助康养传感器 [2024-06-30]

169. 华为推出全新AI康养解决方案 [2024-09-30]

170. 华为AI辅助康养传感器：隐私保护与安装便捷的全新优势 [2024-12-02]

171. 这个重阳节，用行动表达爱，让科技成为连接心与心的桥梁。给长辈最好的礼物，就是这份无声的守护与关怀！#重阳节孝心礼 #华为 #华为全屋智能 #全屋智能 [2024-10-09]

172. Emotiv脑科学实验室：你的意念，就是下一代人机交互的钥匙！ [2025-06-03]

173. Home Automation using EMOTIV: Controlling TV by Brainwaves

174. 10 years of EPOC: A scoping review of Emotiv's portable EEG device

175. Emotiv Epoc for Medical Engineering

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179. Emotiv：用脑电波技术重新定义人机交互 [2025-05-10]

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183. Dorina Ancău, N. Roman et al. “The Emotiv EPOC interface paradigm in Human-Computer Interaction.”

184. BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE FOR SUPERVISORY CONTROLS OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

185. Dawid Pawuś, S. Paszkiel. “The Application of Integration of EEG Signals for Authorial Classification Algorithms in Implementation for a Mobile Robot Control Using Movement Imagery—Pilot Study.” Applied Sciences

186. BRAIN CONTROLLED HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM

187. The Indian Journal of Technical Education

188. Market Analysis NEUROTECHNOLOGY March 2023

189. 人机交流的极致!大脑控制游戏成为可能 [2007-03-08]

190. A. Kawala-Janik. “Efficiency evaluation of external environments control using bio-signals.”

191. 基于脑电控制的智能家居系统研究与设计 [2021-02-16]

192. Mobile Phones as Cognitive Systems

193. Miguel Oliver, Miguel A. Teruel et al. “Ambient Intelligence Environment for Home Cognitive Telerehabilitation.” Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

194. The use of the Emotiv Epoc Flex kit in applications involving artificial intelligence

195. At-Home Neurofeedback Treatment

196. Mind Control Technology Exists, But It Needs Work [2019-04-01]

197. Emotiv Headsets - mindtecStore [2016-01-01]

198. Researchers add thought-control to smart home appliances [2015-09-17]

199. 马斯克脑机接口公司人体临床试验获批，未来是否有可能利用这一技术恢复人类视力、恢复偏瘫病人肢体功能？ [2023-05-31]

200. 2025年全球及中国智能家居非侵入式脑机接口（BCI）产业 ... [2025-07-04]

201. Wafa Alrajhi, Dalal Alaloola et al. “Smart home: toward daily use of BCI-based systems.” 2017 International Conference on Informatics, Health & Technology (ICIHT)

202. 脑机接口领域技术催化成果涌现，英特尔/微美全息共创人机融合科技前沿 [2024-05-09]

203. 脑机接口新纪元已来

204. AI 驱动的脑机接口能否提升人类智能？ [2025-04-27]

205. 脑机接口一百年 [2025-07-07]

206. A Brain-Controlled and User-Centered Intelligent Wheelchair: A Feasibility Study [2024-05-09]

207. Controlling Electronic Devices with Brain Waves [2016-11-29]

208. Tuomo Lahtinen, Andrei Costin et al. “Brain-Computer Interface Integration With Extended Reality (XR): Future, Privacy And Security Outlook.” European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security

209. Brain-Computer Interface [2016]

210. 政策持续落地企业加码研发脑机接口技术从实验室走向商业化

211. 大脑的语言：解码脑机接口的奥秘 [2023-08-10]

212. Brain-machine integration spawns global biz race [2024-04-29]

213. CIOs: Are you ready?

214. F. Nijboer, J. Clausen et al. “The Asilomar Survey: Stakeholders’ Opinions on Ethical Issues Related to Brain-Computer Interfacing.” Neuroethics

215. 2024年脑机接口行业专题报告合集 [2024-03-14]

216. 微创脑科学在脑机接口领域的技术与市场分析 [2025-06-30]

217. Viomi Technology Co., Ltd. – Targeting Enormous Chinese Smart Home Market with Innovative Product Suite

218. What Will the Future of Brain Controlled Tech Look Like? [2022-09-20]

219. RFID标签市场总体规模及主要企业市占率分析报告2024年 [2024-10-17]

220. Toward EEG-Based BCI Applications for Industry 4.0: Challenges and Possible Applications [2021-08-13]

221. 臺灣博碩士論文加值系統 [2023-06-21]

222. 耳机式设备助力脑机接口技术的日常应用 [2023]

223. Graph convolution network-based eeg signal analysis: a review [2025-01-30]

224. Implantations and Applications of Brain Computer Interfaces as Medical Devices: A Short Review of Engineering Ethics [2021-03-28]

225. NEURALINK TECHNOLOGY: ASSESSING HEALTH BENEFITS, ETHICAL CONCERNS, APPLICATIONS, AND FUTURE GOALS

226. 脑机接口：未来正在到来

227. Neuralink

228. 首个人类“脑机接口”试验：打开通往“意识永生”之门？

229. Brain-Computer Interfaces: Brain Chip From Past to Present

230. E. Musk. “An Integrated Brain-Machine Interface Platform With Thousands of Channels.” Journal of Medical Internet Research

231. Neuralink: Advancing Brain-Machine Interfaces for Enhanced Human-Machine Interaction

232. 到2020年，智能家居领域会出现哪些黑科技？ [2019-12-25]

233. 2020 年侵入式脑机接口（BCI）的初步实现 [2019-07-17]

234. 热点主题利好不断，市场情绪逐渐回暖——医药生物行业周报（2024/02/19-2024/02/25）

235. 大脑芯片,是革命还是炒作? [2024-02-18]

236. Neuralink API开发指南：用Python读取脑电信号控制智能家居 [2025-04-01]

237. J. Collinger, B. Wodlinger et al. “High-performance neuroprosthetic control by an individual with tetraplegia.” The Lancet

238. 脑机接口应用如何？ [2024-10-27]

239. A. Jawad. “Bioethics of Brain Computer Interfaces.” Bioethical Issues in Healthcare [Working Title]

240. 脑机接口技术的最新进展与未来展望 [2024-07-05]

241. Neuralink Report

242. 关注脑机接口；首款四座氢内燃飞机成功首飞

243. 脑机互联不是梦，最新脑机接口发布：智能手机可操控！ [2019-07-22]

244. IN分享丨“脑后插管”，人类与AI合体升级之路？ [2019-07-26]

245. 马斯克称Neuralink首次将芯片植入人体 患者恢复良好 [2024-01-30]

246. A Study of Neuralink: The Brain Machine Interface

247. 用意念打字、让阿凡达成真，脑机接口到底有多少花样“玩”法？ [2019-08-08]

248. 非侵入式BCI加速落地 开启脑疾病治疗新范式 BCI+医疗健康行业研究

249. Bioethical Issues in Healthcare [Working Title].

250. 通信

251. 大脑芯片，是革命还是炒作？ [2024-02-16]

252. 马斯克披露：Neuralink已成功植入脑机芯片，开启脑控新时代 [2025-01-12]

253. 马斯克Neuralink报喜，A股“脑机接口”起风 [2024-09-19]

254. Mind Over Machine: Elon Musk's Neuralink Brain Chip

255. 深度布局的6家公司市场资讯07-0515:15喜娜AI摘要总结 [2025-07-07]

256. Neuralink's Brain-Machine Interfaces: A New Frontier in Healthcare Transformation

257. 脑机接口一百年 [2025-07-08]

258. 小米 YU7 租车 2 千/天，打平兰博基尼；日本推出「猫咪压力项圈」；OpenAI 斥 Meta 挖角「入室盗窃」｜极客早知道 [2025-06-30]

259. Neuralink脑机接口技术的最新进展与市场前景 [2025-07-01]

260. 每週研報 23/12/2024

261. Neuralink第二例脑机接口实验最新进展 [2024-08-23]

262. NEURALINK: A Revolutionary Brain-Machine Interface for Human- Machine Symbiosis

263. 前方高能！用意念操控手机和电脑 [2024-01-31]

264. 脑机接口行业市场分析报告 [2024-08-15]

265. 脑机接口Neuralink成功应用实际生活中！ [2024-05-18]

266. 脑机接口+机器人：深度布局的6家公司 [2025-07-05]

267. Neuralink:N1芯片、R1 机器人，探秘芯片植入手 本期短视频聚焦 [2024-11-03]

268. 脑机接口产业链全解析 [2025-07-04]

269. A Review on Neuralink – Achieve Ai Symbiosis with Medical Field.

270. A股-研报详情 [2025-06-30]

271. Neuralink多场景应用亮相，脑机接口产业化落地进程提速 [2025-06-30]

272. 脑机接口技术发展与市场前景分析 [2025-07-01]

273. 脑机接口：临床与商业化并进

274. SkyNews

275. 行业观察 | 酷狗音乐的AI&qu;智变&qu;：当大模型成为音乐体验的基础设施

276. Neuralink：受试者达7人，2025-2029市场将达76.3亿美元 [2025-06-29]

277. 脑机接口技术的最新进展与市场前景 [2025-03-07]

278. Neuralink：受试者达7人，2025-2029市场将增至76.3亿美元 [2025-06-29]

279. 第二位患者成功植入脑机接口，康复设备迎广阔市场空间 [2024-08-05]

280. 别吃瓜了，脑机接口获批有深意！ [2023-05-27]

281. Neuralink点燃脑机接口炒作热情，博拓生物等概念股大涨 [2025-06-30]

282. Neuralink估值飙升至90亿美元：脑机接口正驶入产业化快车道 [2025-05-28]

283. 新科技观察 TECH WATCH WEEKLY

284. 一文详解脑机接口技术及应用场景 [2025-05-31]

285. Neuralink脑机接口技术突破：开启人工智能深度革新新时代 [2025-05-19]

286. neuralink脑机接口第二位患者，已经开始打CS了，马斯克说，十年内脑机芯片植入人数可能达百万。如果不出意外，几天后我们将见证历史。搭载龙飞船的Spacex [2024-08-23]

287. 电子行业周报：三星 Galaxy AI 设备目标年底破 2 亿台，将定制功能以重振其中国手机市场

288. 人脑科学最新研究成果纷纷落地 国内哪些企业是先行者？ [2024-09-19]

289. 脑机接口迎重磅政策，万亿蓝海产业化加速！ [2024-07-05]

290. 大脑信号直接操控机器人？下一个投资爆点来了！ [2025-07-04]

291. L. Hochberg, D. Bacher et al. “Reach and grasp by people with tetraplegia using a neurally controlled robotic arm.” Nature

292. J. Vidal. “Toward direct brain-computer communication..” Annual review of biophysics and bioengineering

293. É. Fourneret. “The Hybridization of the Human with Brain Implants: The Neuralink Project..” Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees

294. “木头姐”最新专访：苹果谷歌掉队，20万亿AI蛋糕正被马斯克 [2025-07-08]

295. Neuralink公布脑机接口重大进展，技术竞赛重塑人类未来 [2025-07-02]

296. NEURALINK BRAIN CHIP: A REVIEW ON ‘BRAIN-READING’ DEVICE

297. A Review of Neuralink Brain Chip made by Elon Musk

298. 通信运营商开启算力集采，卫星全产业链加速

299. NEURALINK: A Brain-Machine Interface Device

300. Neuralink - A Brain-Computer Interface Technology [2019-10-18]

301. 第3章 人机交互界面

302. 脑机接口试用良好，芯片植入前景光明 [2024-02-29]

303. 首位Neuralink脑机接口植入者用意念移动光标下棋 [2024-03-21]

304. 第345期智能说：马斯克在Neuralink夏季更新发布会演讲，重 ... [2025-07-05]

305. 【脑机接口】Neuralink 2025夏季进展：将神经信号转化为改变生活的力量 [2025-06-28]

306. 疯子马斯克19 之横空出世11 脑机接口 [2024-12-16]

307. 未知探索126：首例人类大脑芯片植入 [2024-02-01]

308. 泰凌微（688591） 无线连接芯片技术领航者，AIoT全场景物联网应用打开成长空间 买入（首次）

309. AI 赋能复苏，自主可控加速——电子行业 2025 年度投资策略

310. 全屋智能灯光，点亮万家灯火——智能家居专题报告

311. 2024年全球智能家居行业发展现状分析 [2024-02-28]

312. M. Ahn, Mi-Jin Lee et al. “A Review of Brain-Computer Interface Games and an Opinion Survey from Researchers, Developers and Users.” Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

313. 轻工制造周报：智能家居赛道高景气，细分赛道渗透率提升

314. 智能家居行业背景

315. 腦機介面市場報告（按產品、應用和區域分析） [2024-08-10]

316. MCU行业市场分析 [2024-09-19]

317. 智能家居：ChatGPT等大模型催化智能家居行业进一步发展

318. 2023全球智能家居市场报告PDF合集分享（附原数据表） [2023-08-02]

319. AI技术在智能家居产业加速渗透，北交所产业链标的再梳理——北交所科技成长产业跟踪第三十期(20250615)

320. 脑机接口开年迎利好 机构密集调研概念股 [2025-01-14]

321. 利尔达: 招股说明书(上会稿) [2025-04-01]

322. 麦格米特（002851）从家电到工业的电力电子平台型企业进军北汽新能源车产业链买入（首次）

323. 物联网模组小巨人，云管端多维布局扬帆起航

324. 梦百合（603313.SH）“内外双修”的记忆绵专家，缔造“零压”睡眠品牌

325. 中国智慧家居行业发展现状与趋势分析 [2024-12-09]

326. 晶晨半导体（上海）股份有限公司投资者关系活动记录表

327. 脑机接口市场按产品、组件、应用、最终用户和地区细分的全球趋势和预测（2023-2030年） [2024-06-18]

328. 电子行业 2024 年度投资策略

329. SOC芯片研究框架

330. 科技自立，AI 具能——电子行业年度策略报告

331. Brain-computer interface gains traction in nation [2025-02-06]

332. G. Townsend, B. LaPallo et al. “A novel P300-based brain–computer interface stimulus presentation paradigm: Moving beyond rows and columns.” Clinical Neurophysiology

333. Schnitzer Julia, Kodalle Micha. “Brain computer interface (BCI) – UX-design for visual and non-visual interaction by mental commands in the context of technical possibilities.” Electronic Imaging

334. Brain-Computer Interfaces: Principles and Practice

335. A scoping review on the use of consumer-grade EEG devices for research

336. 脑控: 基于脑－机接口的人机融合控制

337. Design and Study of Interactive Systems based on Brain- Computer Interfaces and Augmented Reality

338. Iraklis Chatziparasidis, I. K. Sfampa. “Residential buildings with brain-computer interface functionality: An elevator case study.” Building Services Engineering Research & Technology

339. 股市动态分析

340. 中国计算机报

341. Virtual Smart Home Is Controlled By Thoughts [2009-05-13]

342. BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACES AND AUGMENTED REALITY: A STATE OF THE ART

343. Mindful Horizons: Navigating the Future Challenges and Potential Threats of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIS)

344. Faraz Akram, Ahmed M. Alwakeel et al. “A Symbols Based BCI Paradigm for Intelligent Home Control Using P300 Event-Related Potentials.” Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

345. 浙商证券-脑机接口行业：2024年深度行业分析研究报告 [2024-12-27]

346. Bridging minds and machines [2024-11-08]

347. 2021年度发展报告|人工智能的认知神经基础

348. Augmented Reality Integrated Brain Computer Interface for Smart Home Control [2021]

349. 脑机接口技术 [2024-12-25]

350. Towards Autonomous Brain-Computer Interfaces: Approaches, Design, and Implementation

351. Seungchan Lee, Younghak Shin et al. “Review of Wireless Brain-Computer Interface Systems.”

352. 脑机接口技术的现状与前景

353. M. Mridha, S. Das et al. “Brain-Computer Interface: Advancement and Challenges.” Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

354. Challenges and Trends in Brain-Computer Interface Technology

355. Human Enhancement Technologies and the Possible Dual Use in Cognitive Warfare

356. 脑机接口技术在医疗健康领域应用白皮书（2021年）

357. Scientometric Study on Bidirectional Brain-Computer Interfaces

358. Sebastián Poveda Zavala, Kelvin Ortíz Chicaiza et al. “BCI Based Home Automation using User Controlled Blinks.” Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

359. Blockchain Beyond Crypto: Transforming Industries Through Decentralization [2024-12-26]

360. BCI：脑机接口真的能读懂你的想法吗？ [2025-03-15]

361. 脑机接口技术或将纳入美出口管制？技术成熟度与军用进展情况 [2022-09]

362. 脑机接口——脑信息读取与脑活动调控技术

363. 科技情报观察

364. Brain-Computer Interfaces for Non-Medical Applications: How to Move Forward

365. Myśli na sprzedaż? Komercjalizacja interfejsów neuronalnych: szanse, zagrożenia i wyzwania etyczno-prawne

366. 关注提升，场景落地，技术迭代——2022年脑机接口行业研究报告

367. 2024年脑机接口行业研究报告 [2024-08-29]

368. 对脑机接口十七个不准确或错误的认知与误导性宣传 [2024-03-28]